Glossary of Proper Nouns
Chinese Personal Names
| Terms | Chinese | Korean | Explanation | Another Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang Xiangru | 張相如 |
장상여 (장샹루) |
A General-in-chief 大將軍 and Marquis of Dongyang 東陽侯 during the early Western Han dynasty. | 장상여(張相如) |
| Zhang Xianzhong | 張顯忠 |
장현충 (장셴중) |
It seems to mean Zhang Xianzhong (張獻忠, 1606~1647). A native of Shanxi 山西 who was born to a poor family. He served in the Ming army, but later he joined a roving bandit. He created a confederation of bandits including Li Zicheng 李自成, and they devastated Henen 河南 and Anhui 安徽, and then turned west and entered Hubei 湖北. After he was defeated by Ming forces, he turned further west and eventually made his base in Sichuan 四川, naming his state Great West (Daxi 大西). Since he believed that his people were organizing rebellions against him, he massacred them. It is alleged that he killed one million out of three million, the total population of Sichuan Province of that time. In 1647, the Qing forces crushed Sichuan, and Zhang was killed. | 장현충(張顯忠), 현충(顯忠) |
| Zhang Xiaoqi | 張小旗 |
장소기 (장샤오치) |
A Ming envoy to Jurchens. As Jurchens threatened him and his colleagues, they escaped to Joseon in 1410. The Joseon court sent him back to China. | 장(張) |
| Zhang Xin | 張信 |
장신 (장신) |
A native of Linhui 臨淮. He was made the regional military commissioner 都使 of Beijing in 1399. Prince Yan 燕王, the future Emperor Yongle 永樂, regarded him highly. After Yongle became the emperor, he was made marquis. In 1410, he was prosecuted by a censor 御史, but the emperor protected him. Later he participated in Emperor Xuande's 宣德 military expedition. | 장신(張信) |
| Zhang Xiu | 張琇 |
장수 (장슈) |
Zhang Xiu(張琇) was the son of Zhang Shensu(張審素), who was an official during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong(玄宗) of the Tang dynasty. Zhang Shensu was falsely accused of treason and later put to death by Yang Wang(楊汪). Zhang Xiu later took vengeance on Yang Wang for his father’s death, but he was also executed. | 수(琇) |
| Zhang Xuansu | 張玄素 |
장현소 (장쉬안쑤) |
Zhang Xuansu(張玄素, ?-664), from Pu Prefecture(蒲州), was an official during the transition between Sui and Tang. In 630, when Emperor Taizong(太宗) planned to build the Luoyang Palace(洛陽宮), he objected to the establishment of the palace on the grounds that it was a wasteful project. With the deposition of the Crown Prince Li Chengqian(李承乾), he was dismissed from office but was later reinstated. | 장현소(張玄素), 현소(玄素) |
| Zhang Xue | 張觷 |
장학 (장쉐) |
Zhang Xue(張觷, ?~1138) was an official of the Song Dynasty who earned the jinshi(進士) degree in 1115. In the reign of Emperor Gaozong(高宗), he was appointed Prefect of Southern Jianzhou(南劍州知州). He was invited to become the tutor of the Grand Councilor Cai Jing(蔡京)'s sons. Later he recommended Yang Shi(楊時) to Cai Jing. | 장학(張觷), 학(觷), 유직(柔直) |
| Zhang Xun | 張巡 |
장순 (장쉰) |
Zhang Xun(張巡, 709-757) was a loyal official of the Tang Dynasty who fought against An Lushan(安祿山)'s forces. Born in Deng Prefecture(鄧州), he became jinshi in the Kaiyuan era(開元年間). After An Lushan rebelled against the Tang Dynasty, he defended Suiyang(睢陽) against An Lushan's large army with Governor of Suiyang(睢陽太守) Xu Yuan(許遠). However, he was defeated, captured, and executed . | 순(巡), 장순(張巡) |
| Zhang Yangmeng | 張養蒙 |
장양몽 (장양멍) |
A native of Shanxi 山西 and jinshi of 1577. He served as bachelor of the Hanlin Academy 翰林院 and then supervising secretary 給事中. During the Imjin War (aka Hideyoshi's Invasion), he was supervisor of military supplies. Later he became Vice Minister 侍郞 of the Ministry of Revenue 戶部. | 장양몽(張養蒙) |
| Zhang Yanmei | 張廷枚 |
장정매 (장옌메이) |
Ambassador of Qing China who visited Joseon Korea in the 43th year (1717) of King Sukjong. | 장정매(張正枚), 치의정(治儀正) |