Glossary of Proper Nouns
Chinese Personal Names
| Terms | Chinese | Korean | Explanation | Another Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tang Suzong | 唐肅宗 |
당숙종 (탕쑤쭝) |
Emperor Suzong(肅宗, 711－762, r.756-762), personal name Li Heng(李亨), was an emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He ascended the throne in 756 after his father Emperor Xuanzong(玄宗) fled to Sichuan(四川) during An Lushan's Rebellion. Forming an alliance with the Uigur, he recaptured Chang'an(長安) and Luoyang(洛陽) in 757. During his reign, he made a great effort to end the An Shi Rebellion, which was ultimately put down in 763 during the reign of his son Emperor Daizong(代宗). | 숙(肅), 숙종(肅宗), 숙종황제(肅宗皇帝), 이형(李亨) |
| Tang Taizong | 唐太宗 |
당태종 (탕타이쭝) |
Emperor Taizong(太宗, 599-649, r.626-649), personal name Li Shimin(李世民), was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He encouraged his father, Li Yuan(李淵) to rebel against the Sui Dynasty in 617 and subsequently defeated other rebel readers and unified China again. However, Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu, installed his brother Li Jiancheng(李建成) as crown prince instead of him, which made Li Shemin, the future Emperor Taizong, dissatisfied. In 626, Li Shimin carried out a successful coup d’'etat at Xuanwu Gate(玄武門), killing the heir-apparent and his supporters. Emperor Gaozu immediately abdicated in his favor. Emperor Taizong's reign, "Reign of Zhenguan" (貞觀之治), was regarded as one of the most prosperous periods in Chinese history. | 당제(唐帝), 당종(唐宗), 당태종(唐太宗), 당황(唐皇), 문황(文皇), 세민(世民), 종(宗), 진왕(秦王), 태종(太宗) |
| Tang Tong | 唐通 |
당통 (탕퉁) |
A Ming regional commander (總兵官) during the late Ming period. He failed to defend the Juyong Pass (居庸關) against the army of Li Zicheng 李自成, and the Shanhai Pass (山海關) against the army of Wu Sangui 吳三桂. He later surrendered to the Manchus after the defeat. | |
| Tang Wenzan | 湯文瓚 |
탕문찬 (탕원짠) |
A company leader. He participated in the Imjin War (aka Hideyoshi's Invasion). He was killed in battle in 1598. | 탕문찬(湯文瓚) |
| Tang Wenzong | 唐文宗 |
당문종 (탕원쭝) |
Emperor Wenzong(文宗, 809–840, r.827-840), personal name Li Ang(李昂), was an emperor of the Tang Dynasty. After Emperor Jingzong's sudden death, he was installed as emperor by eunuch Wang Shoucheng(王守澄). Throughout his reign, he was just a puppet emperor who was controlled by eunuchs. It is said that he was poisoned by eunuchs. | 문(文), 문종(文宗), 이앙(李昂) |
| Tang Wuhou | 唐武后 |
당무후 (탕우허우) |
Wu Zetian (武則天, c.625 – 705, r.690-704) was the first and only female sovereign in Chinese history. Originally she was a concubine of Emperor Taizong of Tang(唐太宗). Later she became a concubine of Emperor Gaozong(高宗). Emperor Gaozong finally replaced his previous empress with Wu(武). In the reigns of Emperor Zhongzong(中宗) and Emperor Ruizong(睿宗), she seized power as the Empress Dowager(太后). Finally, she forced Emperor Ruizong to step down and proclaimed herself the ruler of the "Zhou Dynasty(周)". In 704, she abdicated and Ruizong's son, Emperor Zhongzong, reascended the throne. She died in 705 and was buried in Qianling(乾陵). | 무후(武后), (武曌) |
| Tang Wuzong | 唐武宗 |
당무종 (탕우쭝) |
Emperor Wuzong(武宗, 814-846, r.840-846), personal name /Li Yan(李炎), was an emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He is known mainly for the policy of abolishing Buddhist temples and statues of the Buddha(廢佛政策). He deeply trusted Chancellor Li Deyu(李德裕), the leader of the so-called Li Faction(李黨) and rival of the Niu Faction(牛黨). | 무(武), 무종(武宗), 무종조(武宗朝), 무종황제(武宗皇帝), 이전(李瀍), 이염(李炎) |
| Tang Xianzong | 唐獻宗 |
당헌종 (탕셴쭝) |
Refer to Emperor Xianzong (唐憲宗). | 헌종(獻宗) |
| Tang Xianzong | 唐憲宗 |
당헌종 (탕셴쭝) |
Emperor Xianzong(憲宗, 778-820, r.805-820), personal name Li Chun(李淳), was an emperor of the Tang Dynasty. During his reign, he briefly stabilized the Tang Dynasty from the destructive forces of military governors(節度使), so his reign has been called the Yuanhe Restoration(元和中興). His reign, however, saw the rise of powerful eunuchs. It is alleged that he was murdered by the eunuch Chen Hongzhi(陳弘志). | 당종(唐宗), 헌종(憲宗), 이순(李純), 이순(李淳) |
| Tang Xizong | 唐僖宗 |
당희종 (탕시쭝) |
Emperor Xizong(僖宗862 – 888, r.873-888) was an emperor of the Tang dynasty. He was the fifth son of Emperor Yizong and the elder brother of his successor Emperor Zhaozong. His reign was filled with many rebellions, including the great rebellions led by Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao. Although both rebellions were eventually pacified by the end of Emperor Xizong's reign, the Tang Dynasty actually became divided and ruled by various warlords. | 희종(僖宗), 이현(李儇) |